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In pernicious anemia, for instance, a lack of intrinsic factor necessary for B12 absorption results in malabsorption

Inflammatory factor expression Fasting venous serum samples were collected on preoperative day 1 and postoperative day (POD) 3 to detect tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), interleukin (IL)-6, and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) expression levels using enzyme immunoassays (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA)

There are a number of problems that can lead to a vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

Obeid R, Geisel J, Pietrzik K, Andres E Current nutrition reports 2025

It is crucial for mood, motivation, and motor control